Introduction: the analysis of the discourse of the electoral campaign proposals presented in the work plans of the finalist candidates for the presidency in the 2021 elections, focused on the issue of internal security and the prison in Ecuador, scenario of riots, massacres, violence, and murders of people deprived of liberty as prison guides. Objectives: a) Define the elements of political discourse in the government plans of the finalist candidates Guillermo Lasso and Andrés Arauz. b) Analyze the discourse of the presidential candidates on the issue of internal security in the country's prisons. Methodology: the study is of a qualitative-quantitative nature, where a compilation of studies on the country's prison situation and the candidates' government plans is made, supported by communication theories focused on discourse analysis and techniques such as interviews with experts on the subject. Results: the programmatic plans of the campaign have linguistic resources of the political discourse that structure technical or not extremely attractive proposals for the voter, which contributes to the fact that their offers tend to be divergent towards the problem of security. Conclusions: the candidate Andrés Arauz lacked the didactic component in his political discourse focused on a historical knowledge of the prison reality in the country. Guillermo Lasso demonstrated an efficient and well-founded linguistic organization, use of appropriate language resources as a macro-social intentionality, concepts related to security, in a persuasive and pondered tone.

Currently, work injuries and accidents in construction, caused by excessive loads, repetitive movements and forced postures, continue to increase in the city of Cuenca. These accidents and injuries affect the quality of life of each worker, mainly their physical condition. and subsequent to their economic status. Various types of construction are carried out daily in the city of Cuenca; highlighting for the purposes of this article, the works of single-family houses and buildings subject to the horizontal property regime intended for multi-family. The main objective of this research is to determine the impact of ergonomic risks on the quality of life of workers as a result of the lack of risk forecasting, with the aim of identifying the recurrent work postures that give rise to this impact and the most affected body areas. Methodologically, it corresponds to a basic sectional study, with descriptive depth. The results showed a high percentage of incidence of lumbar back discomfort or pain, which leads to the conclusion that repetitive forced static or dynamic postures in each activity carried out in work X mainly affect this area.

Digital transformation is a key element for the development of the tourism sector. The study of research that addresses the topic deserves all the attention for the correct development of future research and thus dedicate greater attention to the less prominent subsectors in this type of studies. The general objective of this research is to diagnose the registered scientific production on digital transformation in the tourism field based on a bibliometric analysis. Techniques, tools and programs supported by mathematics and statistics such as Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer and SPSS were used in order to evaluate scientific productivity and for the results to contribute to decision making or use as a search tool for other research. The diagnosis managed to identify that the research tendency of the authors is to address the digital transformation in tourism in a general way, that the least prominent tourism subsector is referring to travel agencies, the year, the country and the universities with the greatest scientific production, the most cited research and researcher with the greatest scientific impact based on their h-index (Gretzel Ulrike), as well as the databases most linked to the publications.

In the province of Azuay, most builders do not have a culture of generating processes for project management, which causes delays and losses in the execution of projects. For this reason, we intend to analyze this problem that exists in the province of Azuay, where 68.75% of the civil engineers surveyed consider that generating processes is important to manage projects, but only 9.38% have implemented them for their construction projects. Based on these data, a review of the different bibliographic sources is conducted in relation to the guidelines and techniques of the project management process currently in use. After the review of the bibliographic sources, two surveys are made to civil engineering professionals in relation to the way they manage their projects, an analysis of the information obtained with the bibliographic review and the survey to professionals is executed. Finally, it is suggested that there is ignorance of good practices, tools, and techniques for project management since this type of knowledge is not valued in university classrooms and in many cases during professional practice. For this reason, a process guide is created for the construction and site environment, to improve the management of hydro-sanitary projects in the Province of Azuay.

Introduction:  The research focuses on gated communities in Cuenca, Ecuador, which have emerged in response to the growth of Latin American cities and the quest for security and exclusivity. It explores the implications of this model, such as urban fragmentation and social segregation. Objective:  To assess gated communities in Cuenca to propose urban-architectural design strategies that contribute to more sustainable and equitable development, replacing the traditional model. Methodology The study employs a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach, based on a comprehensive literature review and descriptive and correlational analysis. A synthetic-deductive matrix integrating United Nations urban guidelines is used to evaluate the livability and sustainability of these communities. Results: Significant differences were identified in the social perception between residents within the gated community ("The Insiders") and those outside it ("The Outsiders"). Internal residents value security and exclusivity, whereas external one’s experience disconnection and an increase in crime due to spatial segregation. Conclusion: Gated communities in Cuenca reflect challenges like those observed in other regions, such as social and spatial segregation. Sustainable policies are needed that better integrate these communities with the urban fabric of the city, ensuring higher quality of life and cohesive, sustainable urban development. General area of study: Architecture. Specific area of study: Urban Planning

Introduction: The research focuses on evaluating the seismic vulnerability of light wood buildings in the historic center of Riobamba. This task is crucial given the heritage importance of these structures and the need to understand their response to seismic events to implement appropriate protection measures. Objectives: The main goal is to create a comprehensive database to estimate the probability of damage to these buildings against seismic forces. This will serve as a basis for implementing protection and structural reinforcement strategies at the urban level, thus preserving historical structures, and ensuring the safety of inhabitants against future seismic events. This research will also contribute to the development of public policies aimed at managing seismic risk in historical urban areas. Methodology: Using a comprehensive methodological approach, buildings are classified according to their construction system, based on the framework of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and on heritage records from the National Institute of Cultural Heritage (INPC). These documents provide crucial information such as year of construction, conservation status, and materials used. Based on this classification, vulnerability levels are assigned considering factors such as year of construction and conservation status. Specific capacity and fragility curves are developed for each building typology, allowing for the estimation of the probability of damage from a seismic event and anticipating damage states, from mild to complete. Results: Structures with W1-PRE typology, despite being constructed in wood, were found to have moderate probability of damage, especially due to their design as lightweight frames and their limitation to one or two stories. This characteristic makes them more susceptible to seismic forces and other types of stresses. Conclusions: Through literature review, the importance of safeguarding heritage buildings was understood due to the cultural and historical significance they carry. It was identified that one way to protect heritage buildings in the historical center of Riobamba is through the application of probabilistic methods to understand the behavior of structures during seismic events and to estimate the probabilities of damage to the studied buildings. General Study Area: Seismic Engineering. Specific Study Area: Seismic Vulnerability. Study Type: Original, Literature Review.